Learning Preferences Essay

Describe your strongest dimension on the personality spectrum. My strongest dimension on the personality spectrum is a giver (32). Every word on the list of giver describes me. My honesty is probably one my strongest. As I get older and being the mother of two terrific boys, I just feel at this exact moment in my life there is no need to lie. Honesty is the key, but sometimes I feel I am a little too honest and may hurt someone’s feelings, but not intentionally. I just feel â€Å"it is what it is†. I love promoting peace whether it’s a world issue or family. I just think that everyone would be a lot happier in their lives if we can be honest with one another and promote positivity. I hate drama. 2. Describe how each practice activity reinforced or contradicted something about yourself. In the Personality Spectrum Assessment it contradicted me on being a visual learner. In the Multiple Pathways to Learning Assessment it resulted in me being under-developed, but in one of the activities in the Personality Spectrum it said that I was fine in this area. I must say it left me a little baffled, but at the same time I feel my answers can vary to certain situations that can me contradict myself in this case. I feel that I can adapt to different learning environments quite well, just like I’m learning the OLS. This is definitely an contradiction. The Barsch Learning Style Inventory activity made me realize that I am more proficient in the kinesthetic learning style than I am a visual learner. This activity made me think hard and deep about what my learning abilities are and what I thought they were. I definitely love working hands on and encouraging others. I am usually the one that normally starts dishing out ideas first when I am grouped up with others. .

George Mead Theory Essay

â€Å"the self is something which has a development; it is not initially there, at birth, but arises in the process of social experience and activity, that is, develops in the given individual as a result of his relations to that process as a whole and to other individuals within that process.† * was an American philosopher, sociologist and psychologist, primarily affiliated with the University of Chicago, where he was one of several distinguished pragmatists * He is regarded as one of the founders of social psychology and the American sociological tradition in general. * Mead is well-known for his theory of the social self, which is based on the central argument that the self is a social emergent. * Mead’s most widely read work, Mind, Self and Society, gives priority to society over the mind and highlights the idea that the social leads to the development of mental states. * Mind is a process, not a thing, and it is found in social phenomena rather than within individu als. * The self occupies a central place in Mead’s theory. * Self is essentially a social structure and it arises in social experience. It is the unique combination of the roles and individual play in relation to others – the complex blending of individual motivations and socially desirable responses. * The self consists of an â€Å"I† which the active side and as object, called â€Å"me†. * Infants begin with no self. As they learn to use the language and other symbols, the self emerges through play which involves taking the roles of significant others. * Gradually children move from simpler games to more complex ones involving others such as team sports. Mead called this generalized others to refer to the general cultural norms and values people use as references in evaluating others. * Mead defines self as the ability to take oneself as an object and identifies basic mechanism of the development of the self as reflexivity – the ability to put ourselves into the place of others and acts as they act. * Self can arise only through social experiences, and the traces its development to two stages in childhood: the play stage and game stage. * Play stage – children learn how to take the attitude of particular others themselves. * Game stage – children learn how to take the role of many others and the attitude of the generalized other. * I – is the immediate response of an individual to others; it is unpredictable and creative aspect of the self. * Me – is the organized set of attitudes of others that an individual assumes; it is how society dominates the individual and is a source of social control. Mead’s theory on social self * The social conception of the self entails that individual selves are the product of social interaction and not the logical or biological preconditions of that interaction. It is not initially there at birth but arises in the process of social experience and activity. * Language – allows individuals to take on the â€Å"role of the other† and allows people to respond to his or her own gestures in terms of symbolized attitudes of others. * Is communication via â€Å"significant symbols† and it is through significant communication that the individual is able to take the attitudes of others toward his/herself. Language is not only a â€Å"necessary mechanism† of the mind, but also the primary social foundation of self. * Play – individuals take on the roles of other people and pretend to be those other people in order to express the expectation of significant others. * This process of role-playing is the key to generation of self-consciousness and to the general development of the self. * In the play, the child takes the role of another and acts as though he/she were the other. This form of role-playing involves a single role at a time. Thus, the other which comes into the child’s experience in play is a â€Å"specific other† * Game – individual is required to internalize the roles of all others who are involved with him or her in the game and must comprehend the rules of the game. * Is the stage of social process at which * Generalized other- organized and generalized attitude of a social group. * consists of a composite of all those who contribute and participate in one’s society * The individual defines his or her own behavior with reference to the generalized attitude of the social group(s) they occupy. When an individual can view him/herself from the standpoint of the generalized other, self-consciousness in the full sense of the terms is attained. * Me – represents the expectations and the attitudes of others (generalized others). It is the organized set of attitudes others that the individual assumes. * Is the social self * The organized set of attitudes of others which one himself assumes * is that part of the â€Å"self† which comes about as a result of the individual’s internalization of society’s values and behavior expectations * I – is the response to the â€Å"me†, or the person’s individuality. * Response of the organism to the attitudes of others * is that part of the â€Å"self† which is spontaneous * Self – develops by internalizing the norms of one’s society * Significant other – are those with whom the individual has an â€Å"important† relationship

Schooling the Smash Street Kids Book Review

Paul Corrigan’s ‘Schooling the smash street kids’ takes the ever problematic issues of education and youth and provides a glimpse into it from the other side of the street. Impulsive, informal and unorthodox in writing style, Corrigan talks as if you were an old friend, pulling you in and gently nudging your opinions with personal memories. His work was based in the gritty north-east city of Sunderland, studying 14-15 year old boys in two schools with very different levels of facilities but both with undoubtedly working class pupils. This book does not start with a hypothesis and then test it but arranges each chapter around a relevant question, i. e. why do kids muck about in class, and answers that question at the beginning of the chapter using existing theories and another way at the end showing the process of the sociological research that had been completed. The nature of the book is to discuss youths and the system of education in 1970s Britain and to highlight problems faced everyday in the classroom by teachers and pupils alike. The book is aimed at giving a voice to those in similar situations, teachers that are struggling to engage the tough to handle children that they teach and those in government that can change it so they can ‘see some point in education itself’ (page 153). Schooling the smash street kids provides real insight to problems that need solutions drawn from actual research that was carried out in schools by the author. Paul Corrigan was able to do this in an effective way as he did not project himself to the pupils as a teacher or an authority figure, but as an author who was writing a book about the students and they were his only reason for being there. This in turn created trust between them and he was therefore able to conduct much more meaningful research that may have not been obtained had he taken on a more authoritative persona. Although the style of the book is written in a way that can be understood and interpreted by people of different abilities and from different backgrounds, holds the readers attention and gets its information across in a succinct and interesting way, the chatty and informal nature of the writing could be a flaw. It may not be taken as a serious piece of research due to this and could lose some credibility among academics, when in fact it could provide significant findings to the field of research. Overall, this book is an easy and interesting read and may be useful to students starting out in the field of criminology, to grasp basic understandings. The book is well organised in structure and incorporates personal experiences and statistics which helps drives home its purpose, to change and improve the schooling system and give a, albeit a small, platform to those and others in a similar position, that Corrigan encounters.

Shaping the Development of Business in Canada Essay

Shaping the Development of Business in Canada - Essay Example Additionally, Canada enjoys a better market environment that emanates from political stability and pleasant government policies on business. All these factors promote the development of business in Canada. Hence, despite the growing market competition, business in Canada is vibrant and plays a fundamental role in the economy. Foreign investment is also a significant aspect in Canadian business. Many Canadian companies have adopted a corporate strategy to venture international investment with an aim of increasing their competing advantage in the global economy (Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada 1). Actually, the total value on Canadian foreign investment supersede that of foreign direct investment in Canada since 1997 (Lennox and Bow 150).Foreign investments in Canada promote access to overseas markets, access to more resources, reduce input costs, new technologies, and provide better support to foreign customers (Frigon 1). Indeed, foreign investment in Canada is both di rect and portfolio with both types bringing significant contribution to the Canadian economy. Actually, foreigners who enjoy the annual interest, income, and dividend payments mostly control Canadian economy. This draws the significance of foreign investment in shaping business in Canada. In addition, resultant technological advancements, new management ideas, and implementation of international trade policies will benefit and shape business in Canada. This guarantees higher productivity, increased exports and employment, superior competitiveness, and rampant growth of the Canadian economy. However, these investments are at risk of political instability, expropriation, uncertain regulations, and weak... This essay approves that the government has adopted and negotiated international agreements that govern international trade and foreign investments. For example, the government of Canada adopts a policy of negotiating and adopting the Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement that governs bilateral trade activities. Actually, Canada its FIPA model in 2003 with an objective of enhancing clarity in the substantive obligations, disciplining and improving efficiency in the dispute settlement procedures and promoting certainty and transparency in its business environment. The participation in foreign investment guarantees access to diverse markets, new technologies, reduction in input costs, and availability of business resources. These factors lead to business profitability and further business development. This report makes a conclusion that there are a number of features that would significantly shape the development of business in Canada such as Canada’s â€Å"storehouse of resources,† foreign investment, government policies, the role of entrepreneurs and family firms, big business, and banking and finance. However, though all these features are relevant and significant in this context, government policies stand out as the most significant feature. Additionally, there are various government policies relating to business regulations, financial support, international agreements, registration, licensing, and legislations that take important roles in shaping development in business. These policies are subject to changes and apply selectively. All government policies aim at developing domestic and international e- commerce in Canada.

Emergency Response to Nuclear Disasters Research Proposal

Emergency Response to Nuclear Disasters - Research Proposal Example Nearly three million people live within 10 miles (16 kilometers) of an operating nuclear power plant.1 Nuclear power plants use the heat generated from nuclear fission in a contained environment to convert water to steam, which powers generators to produce electricity, also producing by-products in the wake of this procedure like, radiation and release radioactive particles into the air which can be harmful to people, animals, crops, and the environment overall. Mutation of humans and animals, deaths of plants and infection of various species resulting in an entire food chain getting irrevocably poisoned, severely erosive acid rain, contamination of the water cycle and air as radioactive particles diffuse into the surrounding regions are some of the many devastating effects that disrupt the ecosystem of our planet. Although the construction and operation of nuclear power plants are closely monitored and regulated by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), accidents at these plants are possible due to flaws in the design of the power plant, human error of the operators and electrical engineers involved etc. The worrying thing about these power stations is that when something goes wrong due to human error or a fault not fixed, an irreversibly massive accident can occur destroying many kilometers of area in its vicinity, contaminating it almost forever. The magnitude of its effects is determined by the amount of radiation released from the explosion, wind direction and speed, and weather condition. After Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1945) nuclear bombings, two of the most famous nuclear accidents at these power stations occurred at the Chernobyl reactor 4 (Ukraine - 1986) in the former Soviet Union and the Three Mile Island (US - 1979) reactor 2 in the United States. Categorized as the most intense nuclear disaster ever, the Chernobyl nuclear explosion (1986) destroyed the unit in its entirety and released an incredible amount of radiated fallout, into the environment resulting in about 600000 deaths due to radiation exposure as revealed by IAEA and WHO studies with 56 direct deaths off the explosion. The 4000 cancer deaths due to exposure to nuclear carcinogens are just a meager part of the expected 100000 fatalities. The after effects of this nuclear power plant disaster were Nuclear rain in places like Ireland as the radioactive fallout traveled over an extensive geographical area spreading all through the Western Europe in just a span of 1 week resulting in contamination in large areas of Ukraine, Belarus and Russia. Four square kilometers of pine land forests turned brown and died in addition to numerous animal deaths and the remaining badly poisoned with thyroid and reproductive problems, now known as the 'Red Forest'. However, the later g enerations did not suffer these problems. About 336000 people's evacuation, resettling due to this tragedy and the horrendous large scale loss of life and lifestyle pose nuclear power catastrophe as one of the most irreversibly destructive threats in this contemporary society of technological development where precautions and safety measures direly need to be adopted to avoid a bigger loss.The Kyshtym (1957) disaster in a Russian nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in Mayak, the Windscale fire (UK - 1957)

African American History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

African American History - Essay Example Due to industrialization, the north comprised of educated people both blacks and whites (Morgan, 68). As a result of the differences in northern and southern economies, perceptions about slavery also differed between the two economies. According to Morgan (68), the northern whites worked alongside the blacks in the industries and the blacks were not subjected to degradation. Some whites owned slaves who worked in farms and houses and one could buy his/her freedom. On contrary, the southern slaves did not mix with whites; they were slave societies. The African-American slaves were considered inferior to the whites hence subjected to hard work under poor working conditions. The northern was religious and believed in the unalienable rights of all human beings. Slavery was thus abolished in the north and all slaves freed. However, even after the emancipation proclamation by Lincoln, the south used Ku Klux Klan to maintain white supremacy; the blacks were denied the right to vote as they were inferior race. However, both the south and the north agreed that they were more superior since t hey were more educated and due to their color (Duiker & Spielvogel, 497-498). Frederick Douglass is considered the father of integration. He advocated for the abolition of slavery in America and believed in the virtues entailed in the declaration of independence; right to life, liberty and pursuit of happiness (Myers, 2011). He also believed that the blacks could enjoy the rights, privileges and immunities that were enjoyed by the whites. He advocated for self-elevation or self-sufficiency to be able to acquire the same status as the whites. For him, dependency on the whites was out of question. The blacks needed education in order to be at the same level as the whites hence he advocated for removal of segregation in schools. All human beings are equal, hence the whites and the blacks could perform same tasks, have same rights of voting

Analysis of Leadership Theories for Their Applicability Inside an Research Paper - 4

Analysis of Leadership Theories for Their Applicability Inside an Organisations Leadership Model - Research Paper Example Situational and contingency theories will be highlighted in detail, in assessing the most appropriate theory to rely on in setting up an organizational model of leadership. Leadership insights are apparently inevitable in the management roles that an organization’s executive have in steering the organization towards the realization of its objectives. From these two approaches, the theorists assist in understanding the relevant connection to be made between leadership and management, under the inspiration of the organizations’ mission and vision focuses. On one hand, situational theory, Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard contributions to the effect that styles of leadership styles are not fundamentally important than or superior to the leadership’s response to the varying situation is examined. On the other hand, Fiedler’s contingency theory has been visited in conjunction with the situational theory to illustrate the importance of leadership in the formulation of organizational leadership practices (Kreitner, 2006, p452). In this discourse, I will attempt to find solutions to the question of whether an organization can adopt several leadership perspectives to sustainably tackle all of its challenges. A position held up to the generation of the question is that the organization faces pretty too many leadership challenges such that it cannot be possible to be reliant on a single approach. The choice of these theoretical approaches of leadership was deliberately done to demonstrate the need for the model of organization to depart from retrogressive leadership designs that rigidly fixates the organization to conservative systems inhibiting initiatives. Under the opposing theories of leadership, it is difficult for organizations to respond to the rapidly changing market but reacting to the market only leaves the organization in a poorer condition.  

Critical Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Critical Review - Essay Example Mike and Scott, the main characters in this film, are deviant individuals in the society. Viewers cannot emulate their behaviors, for instance. Besides being drug addicts, Mike and Scott earn their money through prostitution that is an immoral act in the society. The Scene at the cafe shows young and desperate male prostitutes willing to engage in sex with strangers to earn money. The scene emphasizes on the dominance of homosexuality in the society. Bob appears at the Hotel scene for the first time in film and display unacceptable characters such as drug abuse, theft, and planning robbery. Gus Van Sant’s film is a story of two friends, Mike and Scott, leading their lives on the streets and engaging in homosexual prostitution. The film is not open-minded about homosexuality in society. The film does not command influence to transform individuals political sensitivity. Instead, it majorly focuses on societal vices such as prostitution, homosexuality, and drug abuse. Canby, Vincent. â€Å"Movie Review: My Own Private Idaho (1991).† The New York Times. September 27, 1991. Web. October 15, 2014. Accessed from,

Norman Finkelsteins The Holocaust Industry Term Paper

Norman Finkelsteins The Holocaust Industry - Term Paper Example In 2000,Norman Finkelstein published his book The Holocaust Industry.He claims,on his webpage,that its publication â€Å"marked the beginning of the end† of his academic career. The outrage it evoked from what he calls â€Å"the Jewish-Holocaust-Israel establishment† resulted in losing his assistant professorship at Hunter College in New York City Since then, however, some of the allegations he makes in his book have turned out to be accurate, and events have occurred that have provided justification in some of the assertions he made in The Holocaust Industry, in spite of significant personal and professional loss. In The Holocaust Industry, Finkelstein, whose parents were both Holocaust survivors and inmates of concentration camps during World War II, argues that the American Jewish establishment exploits the memory of the Holocaust for financial and political gain, and to further the interests of Israel. Finklestein believes that this â€Å"Holocaust industry† has corrupted authentic memories and interpretations of the Holocaust, and has established Jewish culture as victimized. The book has been a bestseller in every part of the world except for the United States. Finkelstein believes that the American Jewish mainstream panned it, most powerfully through The New York Times, which he sees as a promotional vehicle of the powerful Jewish elite in America. To be fair to Finkelstein’s critics, though, it does seem that he had adopted the same victim mentality as those he criticizes. Historian Omer Bartov (n.p.) of Brown University accuses Finkelstein of this very thing, in his review in The New York Times Book Review, a review that Finkelstein blamed for poor sales of the book in the U.S.: I find so striking about The Holocaust Industry is that it is almost an exact copy of the arguments it seeks to expose. It is filled with precisely the kind of shrill hyperbole that Finkelstein rightly deplores in much of the current media hype over the Holocaust; it is brimming with the same indifference to historical facts, inner contradictions, strident politics and dubious contextualizations; and it oozes with the same smug sense of moral and intellectual superiority. One of the biggest criticisms of The Holocaust Industry is that it provides Holocaust deniers and anti-Semites with fodder to continue their conspiracy theories. This does not mean, however, that Finkelstein’s theories should be discounted. He has proven to be correct in his description in chapter three of the book (â€Å"The Double Shakedown†) regarding the blatant corruption of many of the lawyers and politicians involved in forcing Swiss banks to pay reparations to the Jewish survivors of the Holocaust. Most of the billions of dollars the banks agreed to pay had not even been seen by individuals yet, but rather to Jewish organizations, memorials, Holocaust education projects, and to aid with Jewish emigration from Eastern Europe (Ross n.p.). H olocaust historian Raul Hilberg has agreed with Finkelstein about the Jewish reparations, as well as his claims about forced Jewish labor, which Finkelstein insists is exaggerated to gain more sympathy for Jews and for Israel, stating that they are â€Å"conservative† and â€Å"moderate† (Finkelstein n.p.). Finkelstein believes that there are those in the American Jewish mainstream that have used the Holocaust to benefit themselves financially and politically, and to garner unshakable support for the state of Israel. He states: Indeed, the Holocaust has proven to be an indispensable ideological weapon. Through its deployment, one of the world’s most formidable military powers, with a horrendous human rights record, has cast itself as a ‘victim state,’ and the most successful ethnic group in the United States has likewise acquired victim status. Considerable dividends accrue from this specious victimhood—in particular, immunity to criticism, h owever justified (3). Finkelstein

Scholarly paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scholarly paper - Essay Example In this paper, a close understanding and analysis of the said article shall be handled in an aim of making the process of dealing with hypertension much easier and much effective for many individuals today. Early studies believed that hypertension only occur among the old aged generation. However, the new researches in medicine actually note the possibility of even the young generation to incur hypertension issues as well. Without clear symptoms, it is best advised by healthcare workers today that prevention be a better applied matter of consideration among individuals' lifestyle and heath habits as related to the process of improving one's health status towards becoming more ensured of being safe from hypertension attacks. Overstressing from work is certainly a huge matter that greatly contributes to the process of building up matters that result to hypertension. Aside from stress, a person's lifestyle imbalance could also result to unforeseen hypertension. Considerably, a person not having the right balance of work and recreation and is having too much of either of both could have the possibility of developing hypertension symptoms that may not be that easy to identify making early prevention much of a harder process to take into consideration. For this particular matter, nursing aides and other medical staffs

EU Law Coursework 2008 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

EU Law Coursework 2008 - Essay Example of a Member State to fulfil its obligations under an EC Directive was raised in the case of Commission of the European Communities v Portugese Republic.1 The European Commission brought action against Portugal under Article 226 for a declaration that a feature of its national legislation contravened the objectives of the EC Treaty and interfered with the objectives of the Treaty to permit free movement of goods throughout the European Union. The Court in this instance rejected all its arguments supporting its legislation on the grounds of safety and public policy, stating that the Portugese Government was going beyond what was necessary to achieve the objectives being pursued.2 The Court held that the Portuguese legislation was in contravention of EC Directives and ordered it to pay the costs because it was the unsuccessful party in its submissions.3 The Commission was able to bring against the member State of Portugal on the strength of Article 226. One of the problems in enforcing Community legislation, especially in environmental issues for example, has been the â€Å"problems of communication and conformity† by the Member States which in turn have led to an inadequate application of EC law 4. The objective of Article 226 is to address the insufficient levels of Member state transposition of Directives, because it allows the Commission to start infringement proceedings against the Member State that is not complying with a Directive. Earlier, proceedings under Article 226 appear to have been brought forward by the Commission on an ad hoc basis; moreover since Member States can delay the implementation of an Article 226 judgment until the penalty provision under Article 228 begins to operate, this provides them with several years wherein the infringement can continue. In its response to the Commission, the UK contends that its legislative process has not yet been fully completed, which has delayed the specific legislation, but that the Courts will apply the

Fun at School Essay Example for Free

Fun at School Essay Is a conspiracy theory defined primarily by its internal narrative characteristics or by its external discursive position? The answer to this quote is because the term â€Å"conspiracy theory† is not a neutral descriptor; it is commonly deployed as a term of disqualification for narratives that may, on their qualities, deserve thought. Further, when attached to a writer or thinker, the label â€Å"conspiracy theorist† can carry a shame similar in kind (if not degree) to that suffered by those designated â€Å"mentally ill. † I dont think that I am paranoid that much because I dont have to believe what other people say about their theories. I see others paranoid though every day. I think some conspiracy theorist could have a bad rap because people do not like what they have to say. For example 9/11 people say terrorist flew into the twin towers. Conspiracy theorist say there where bombs planted throughout the building and that the attack was plotted by our own government. Of course this is going to give these people a bad rap. If our society believes our own government is attacking us and they dont want to believe its true then it falls back on the conspiracy theorist giving him a bad rap. I do agree America is more paranoid then other countries because of the hype of conspiracy theories like sandy hook, 9/11, and all the deaths of famous people like Tupac, and JFK. Other countries may have more problems than us like war and food and water and they need more help than us, so why are we the ones paranoid and they are not. To me this shows America has only a few things to believe and one of those things being conspiracy theories. other countries have to worry about sustaining a life and living when Americans are thinking is Tupac really dead? Is this right for us to think like that? Do we really have problems here in the U.S.?

The red scare and the crucible

The red scare and the crucible The term Red Scare indicates two marked periods of strong and great anti-Communism in the United States of America. The first Red Scare took place from the year 1919 to 1920, and the second Red Scare, occurred between 1947 and 1957. The first Red Scare related to worker or socialist, political and radicalism revolution, while the second Red Scare focused on issues relating to foreign and national communists who infiltrated the society or influenced the federal government. The beginning of the first Red Scare was due to the Bolshevik Russian Revolution of 1917 and the greatly patriotic World War I year, as the left-wing political violence, anarchist and social agitation worsen national political and social. Mr. Murray B. Levin a former member of the Communist Party and a political scientist noted that the Red Scare was a national wide rebellion against radical hysteria, which was provoked by a buildup of fear, anxiety and intimidation that Bolshevik revolution was forth coming in America was forth coming. The revolution would give a new look to the home, civility, Church, home, marriage, and the entire American Lifestyle (Burnett).The media and Newspapers translated the political anxiety and fears into xenophobia, solely because an array of radical anarchism were seen to be the answers to poverty. Recent European immigrants were often the advocates and, the World Industrial Workers supported several strikes, organized by labor in 1916 and 1917. The pre ss portrayed the strikes as radical threats to US society and as being instigated by some foreign agents provocateurs, and the left wing. The press media misrepresented genuine labor strikes as being Communism establishment plots, crimes against society, and anti-government conspiracies. Transformations in public views and opinion lead to the loosing of many members by the left-wing organizations like the Industrial Workers of the World, communist and the Communist Party America. Several American states enacted a law known as the criminal syndicalism laws, which outlawed advocating of unrest and violence between the years 1919 and 1920. This was done in an effort to secure and effect social change in the states. The restrictions and regulations in the law included limitation of free speech. Aggressive investigation by police took root after the passing of these laws. Irrespective of ideological gradation, Red Scare failed to distinguish between socialism communism, and social democracy. The Second Red Scare took place after World War II, and coincided with the increased fear of communist espionage consequent, the Chinese Civil War, the Korean War, the acknowledgment of intelligence work for the Soviet Union given by several high-ranking American government officials, the Berlin Blockade, and Soviet Eastern Europe. The occurrences of the late 1940s, the court trial of Julius Rosenberg, and Ethel, the Iron Curtain between 1945 to 1991 around Eastern Europe, and the Soviet Unions nuclear weapon creation surprised the American public (Miller). The influencing popular opinion about America national security, in turn, connected to fear of the ability of the Soviet Union, carrying out an atomic-bombing on its territories, and fear of the United States of America Party of Communist contributed largely to the Red Scare. Whittaker Chambers, Elizabeth Bentley, former CPUSA members and NKVD spies, testified at the House Un-American Activities Committee, that communist sympathiz ers and Soviet spies had made penetration into the government of the United States and this happened prior to and even after World War II. Out of pride, other United States American citizen spies confessed, to their activities of espionage in instances where the statute of limitations on their prosecution had run. In the year 1949, fear of American traitors and anti communist, was mounted by the winning of the Chinese Civil War by the Chinese Communists against the Western supported Kuomintang, one of the founders of the Peoples Republic of China, and later the intervention of the Chinese in the Korean War against American ally nation of South Korea (Eaklor 87). The Second Red Scare greatly changed and aggravated the temper of U.S society. The societys later identification as anti-intellectual may be have been seen as a contributed by factors such as escalating popularity of anti-communist espionage like â€Å"My Son John† and science fiction movies such as â€Å"The Thing from another World† of 1951. Such resources contained themes and stories of the invasion, infiltration, destruction, and subversion, of United States society by non-American sentiments and inhuman individuals. The animosity even lead to a baseball team, originally known as Cincinnati Reds to , temporarily change their   name to Cincinnati Red legs to avoid the loose of money and their career ruining legacy consistent in being ball playing Reds. As an indication of the ability of the American government to curry out intelligence gathering, it released details of the Venona Project for the Soviet Union from 1940 through 1980 in 1995. In the duration of the McCarthy era, many Americans were accused of being members of the Communists movement or of being communist sympathizers and therefore becoming the objects and subject of aggressive interrogations and questioning by the private industry panels, or government, committees and special agencies. Government employees, individuals in the showbiz and entertainment industry, teachers, union activists and instructors, were the primary targets of such victimization and suspicions (Bowers 19). Despite questionable evidence or inconclusive findings, the suspicions continued to be given credence. There was also a great exaggeration of level of threat presented by a persons real or supposed leftist interactions or beliefs. A great number of people went through the pain of losing employment, career destruction, and even long-term imprisonment. Most of the punishments issued were because of trial verdicts and convictions based on laws that would be later declared unconstitutio nal. The most famous and well-known examples of McCarthyism during the Red Scare are Sen. McCarthys own personal trial hearings, speeches, and communists investigations. The Hollywood blacklist, associated with the House Committee on Non-American Activities hearings, and a range of anti-communist behavior of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), are key examples of McCarthyism. The cultural and social widespread phenomenon had an immense effect on all levels of society. Furthermore, it was seen as the source of a great debatable issues and conflict in the United States of America. The Crucible is known to be a tale of the Salem witch-hunts that was practiced during the preceding days before the institution and founding of the United States (Bloom 197). Arthur Miller, a play writer, wrote that story. It is an allegorical presentation of Joseph McCarthy and the hunt for Communists in the 1950s during the Red Scare. The intention of the play was to depict that McCarthy, as being the wit ch hunters, and that he was making profits from public hysteria by persecuting innocent people. The soviet archives along with the data of the Venona Project released by the U.S intelligence, later suggested that some of McCarthys targets were actually guilty of becoming enemy agents. During the Red Scare and the Crucible United States citizens, were in apprehension of communism in the same manner in which people were in witchcraft trepidation in the Salem witch trials. Distinguishing attributes of the two occurrences are can be compared between that of Arthur Millers Crucible narrative and the Red Scare occurrences that took place in American history. During the time when the witch trials were conducted in The Crucible, people were forced to either agreeing or confessing to having committed the witchery crime or direct the blame towards another suspect or a different person. Part of the crucible story, records that trouble in The Crucible started when Abigail Williams blamed Tituba for the actions of the girls who used to dance among the trees or woods. She replied that, she made him not to do it, but instead made Betty to do it. The statement given against another person generated the emergence of pandemonium in Salem. Such quotes are perfect example that leader s like Miller presented in his dialog relating to the way people conducted themselves during the duration of the Red Scare. Another example of an instance of how people behaved during the Red Scare is Mary Warren story. She states that John Proctor is worked in the company and together with the devil. Arthur Millers vividly illustrated the thought that everyone must agree to confess or face death, and that being against the court meant also being against the church in The Crucible narration. The achievements by Sen. McCarthy to United States are undeniable to the historians and those who look at history with impartial eye. At a time when agents of the most murderous empire in human history were infiltrating America, McCarthy was the only voice that stood against victimization and tyranny (Senator McCarthy Inc.). He managed to expose hundreds of agents who were determined to destroy Unite States. If Sen. McCarthy never got the nerve to express what he knew, the possibilities that the USSR might still have been in existence today would be true. Senator Joseph McCarthy is on record as having been the first one who indicated that communism had come over to the United States of America and their spies were letting out Americans secret intelligence information. Lies seemed to be the grounds upon which America was governed, from its very commencement of Salem with trial to the Sen. McCarthy occurrences. A considerable number of people of the Eastern Europeans descent, who once lived under the ruler ship of the Soviet, owe their freedom to Senator McCarthy today. The patriotism of Sen. McCarthy did not fail to come with a price. It cost him his work and finally his life. Having determinate his willingness to protect and defend United States freedom, Senator Joseph McCarthy is without a doubt an American patriot and hero. Although he ruined several lives and led to the downfall of many careers, McCarthy is the man who changed the landscape of American politics. His speech proved that America adhered to the tenets of the constitution of freedom of expression and speech. His acts of free speech, hunting for communist proposers and liberals who were thought to be pro-communist led to the downfall of President Harry S.S. Truman and several other Democrats from the Congress and the White House. His actions also led to the fanning of the cold war hatred embers that went on for several years up until the early 90s. McCarthy also changed the atomic bomb focus of the world through the Red Scare. He broke through the ranks of communism, ensured that the formulae for making atomic bombs has not been spread by Communist spies in the U.S. This somehow contributed to the curtailing of the number of countries and people who can make bombs that are of a powerful nature. McCarthy is a man who reduced the communist stance and existence around America and in the Globe!

The Role Of Complexity Theory In Organisations Commerce Essay

The Role Of Complexity Theory In Organisations Commerce Essay This review seeks to make an assessment of the value and reliability that complexity theory makes regarding a new approach to future thinking. The assessment is done with regard to organisation and management. The literature is addressed, as firstly the complexity theory and notion related to complexity theory, the application of complexity theory as metaphor, the concept of self organisation and its robustness in the organisations. Secondly, the role of complexity theory in organisation science-as far as strategy, planning, and vision is considered for future. Thirdly, the complexity theory is analysed in the aspect of leadership and finally the conclusion with a proposed model for further research. INTRODUCTION: Complexity theory states about unpredictability, non-linearity, and the advantages from non-linear thinking.,(1996) has asserted the role of both positive and negative feedback in organisations and the importance related to creativity(Innovation). Creativity and innovation, both are generated at the edge of chaos and the some patterns are generated .Chaos theory which is a part of complexity theory has notified the significance of these patterns. It is a creative place far away from equilibrium. Over the last 30 years and more, an aspect of this behavioural pattern has become the focus of attention in a number of scientific disciplines and fields such as astronomy, chemistry, evolutionary biology, geology and metrology. Valle ,(2000) has explained the complex system as the one in which numerous independent elements continuously interact and re-organise themselves into more and more elaborate structures over time. Mathews et .al ,(1999) called it as an emergent dominant force, distinct from the older competing paradigms. According to Holm dahl, (2005) the complexity theory or complexity science is used as a unifying name for a set of patterns found in the most different areas. However Edmonds ,(1999) supported an argument that it compromises of several views and interpretations; it is not a Unitary, monolithic, fully fledged theory on which there is an academic consensus (Sawyer, 2005). Colemann, (1999) also stated that there is no unified field of complexity theory but rather a number of different fields with intriguing points of resemblance , overlap or complementary with each other. Researchers like Morrison ,(2010) and Edmonds ,(1999) has mentioned about complexity theory, as a nascent, emergent science where its still developing and clarifying its central Tenets, paradigmatic principles, applications, derivatives, methodologies, foci and coherence. Mc Elroy ,(2000) has asserted that complexity theory is the system thinking applied to the behaviour of natural systems. Wheatley ,(1994) have shared the idea of organisation being natural living systems, where they emerge and grow in their environment according to simple rules of nature. However Griffin ,(2002) has extensively criticised the same and the way in which the complex and paradoxical phenomenons are drawn into a systematic understanding of organising. Various Organisational theorists such as (Chia, 1998; Tsoukas and Hatch, 2001; Tsoukas, 2006) also disagree with the direct transfer of models and theories from the natural sciences and explores how, if at all, complexity science may be located in the context of established social theory relevant to organisations In relation to patterns and behaviour, Coleman, (1999) has said its the unpredictable behaviour within the system, encouraged through underpinning patterns that can further represent a powerful, albeit unpredictable innovation. Levy, (2000) has also said that the observing patterns can be more useful if we can associate different phases of system with other characteristics, such as relationship between business cycles and other variables such as demand, interest rates, vendor lead times, and labour market conditions. In relation to the unpredictable behaviour and observation of patterns in systems, Rosen head , (1998) has challenged Coleman ,(1999) arguing that under certain conditions the complex systems performs in an regular predictable ways and in other conditions they exhibit behaviour in which regularity and predictability is lost. Some researchers have criticise others work of complexity theory by signifying their lack of experience such as Rosen head (1998) in his papers has criticised the work of Mc Master (1995), Merry (1995), Stacey (1992) and Wheatley (1992), as Rosen head explains that the findings that they report and interpret, is about scientific fields related to management concerns where they have no experience at all. Rosen head has supported researchers such as Stewart (1989) and Kaufmann (1993), who being scientist of high reputation wrote about research fields in which they are themselves active. Both Stewart and Kaufmann have written about chaos and complexity and their works do make some relevance in regard to complexity theory as they belong to the same field. Complexity theory as a metaphor: Complexity theory has been valued in the social sciences as a source of metaphor (Lissack ,1997). Different researchers have different views for complexity theory and for its basis such as Burnes,(2005) who considered it as an metaphorical device. Van Eijnatten and Van Galen, (2002); Fitzgerald and van Eijnatten, (2002) has mentioned complexity theory as a lens (like chaos) or an analogy (Sundarasaradula et al., 2005). Morrison, (2010) regarded complexity theory as a set of constructs. Indeed as a theory also, Lissack ,(1999) has also argued that it is more, a collection of ideas than a theory. Smith and Humphries, (2004); Murray, (2003) has suggested complexity theory to be best regarded as metaphor. Metaphor, being a complete legitimate device is a way to explain certain phenomenon in a novel way. If complexity is utilised as a metaphor, while understanding the organisational behaviour and management, it would lose the prescriptive force (Rosen head, 1998). While advocating complexity theory as a set of constructs (Morrison ,2010) has argued that complexity theory in itself could have been more valuable as a set of constructs however the complexity theory essential practicalities makes its susceptible to the charge of relativism , arguing for it contemporary reasons, context specificity of the values and actions involved in the subject called change. Complexity theory relativism undermines its own status (Siegel, 1987), ( Laudan , 1990). According to Morrison (2010), Complexity theory is only relativistic and ephemerally useful, rather than having absolutist aspirations. According to researcher the issue being raised here is the need to clarify the status of the complexity theory as what: a theory, framework, a metaphor, a set of constructs, lens, principles or collection of ideas. According to the researcher view, its vital to understand the plain status of complexity theory while considering complexity theory as a robust theory to be used in management or organisation studies. There urges a strong need to research on the subject to utilise the full advantage of it. Self-Organisation: Concept of Self organisation in complexity theory and its validity in management and organisation: Complexity theory suggest that, self organised order may supersede command and control in many situations advocated by Andriani et al. (2004), Brown and Eisenhardt (1998), Falconer (2007) , Kelly and Allison (1999), Marion and Uhl-Bien(2001), Majchrzak et al. (2006), and Stacey(2005). However Willis (2004) argued the view, and said that self-organisation as per the complexity theory may result in a useless development and managers should concern themselves with content, not only with process. According to complexity theory, the human beings should be left to organise themselves. Stacey (1996) has mentioned this as a property of dissipative systems and has mentioned human beings as dissipative structures. Some researchers like Smith et al. (2004) have mentioned these ideas to be unreliable, selfish and irrational. According to them, the organisation science is structured to be led, regulate, mange direct or even control the human beings to guide and give them the sense of direction to achieve their common goals. . Macintosh and MacLean (1993) has argued about the concept of self organisation that, it might exhibit a contradiction between naturally occurring self-organisation and contrived or deliberately , managerially forced positioning of organisations at the edge of the chaos (Falconer, 2007). So this contradiction might lead to inefficiency, time wasting, mob rule and people going in so many different directions which would be resulting in the loss of connectivity and alignment between parts of an organisation, its value and directions (Morrison, 2010). The contradiction about the naturally occurring (emergent) or contrived, deliberately forced positioning of organisation while on the edge of chaos, is difficult to identify and the emergent events could also become destructive (Schneider and Somers , 2006) Similarly negativity might result from new forms of organisation so one has to be very clear while identifying the nature of the self-organisation as people might take benefit of the autonomy in other manner. Eoyang , (2004) in his paper has said about exploring the power and ubiquity of self organisations by giving a theory of self organization in human systems. He has designed the difference matrix in aid to understand the degree of difference in an organisation; still not all self-organising is successful (Lichtenstein, 2000) as some can lead to system failures or catastrophes. Researcher also agrees that the concept of self organisation is probably not absolute in the case of management and organisations as the consequences and conditions vary in different situations and particularly from one organisation to other. So the concept needs further analysis within different business environments. Complexity theory -Strategy-Planning-Vision Complexity developed popularity due to uncertainty and turbulence in environment as the environment is now more and more unpredictable and dynamic in nature. Stacey (1996) in his book has said that the long term planning is irrelevant. Stacey has criticised the strategy as visionary thing and has mentioned that the single vision to serve as intended organisation future, motivator of behaviour, and guarantor of corporate cohesion as a thoroughly bad idea. According to Stacey, such an idea generates a culture of dependency, restricting the expression of conflicting views and creates mental models tending toward groupthink. Our vision and planning is both inter-related and according to complexity theory one should not keep long term planning as the world is dynamic in nature, still there is no evidence that explains the actual meaning of word long in the terms of complexity theory. Apart from long term planning, the scenario planning is also criticised by complexity advocates still nobody tells about the term long term (Levy, 2000) and this notion changes from one environment to other such as biologically evolutionary systems , firms and industries. Smith, (2005) argues on the concept that the complexity advocate asserted so much about the complexity theory and the butterfly effect, still if we consider the macro environment, then the place for scenario analyst is very significant. McMaster (1995) implicitly conceded that scenario analysis could be useful in thinking about the future. According to Smith (2005), thinking about different alternatives remain a better approach to encourage innovation than trusting to emergence and quick action, as supposed by complexity advocates like Kelly(1998) and Tatenbaum(1998). Tetenbaum (1998) and Kelly (1998), both the complexity theorist, has advocated that the future is an inherently unpredictable, unstable entity, from which patterns emerge from the bottoms up. According to Smith, (2005) they have completely discarded the planning and scenario analysis. We need both the innovation and creativity when the organisation thrives at chaos; however we also need the analysis to avoid the pitfalls again. According to researcher the compatibility is the actual word which has to be addressed and needed further attention as Rosenhead , (1998) has also argued that if we rely only on the facts of unpredictability and uncertainty then it would be great achievement in itself. Bunker and Alban (1997) has asserted that even plans can be conceived as actions, as actions unfolds making and economising, with the scarce resources easier and therefore planning process can yield the organizational learning, shared mental models, in fact a meta language which will be supporting the knowledge based view of organisation rather than resource based view. As a researcher, I agree that the world is dynamic and non-linear still the world needs a focus and I believe that the scenario planning and long term planning provides a focus to strategise, in both internal and external environment. Future analysis in general and scenario planning in particular might be well served to the value of system thinking including the chaos, complexity and the catastrophic theory. So then the people would be able to conceptualise the alternative scenarios (Smith, 2005) as it would be promoting the innovation factor. The concept can be explained through observation of macro environment, where the oil prices which are non-predictable still crucial from analyst point of view. Certain scenario analyst, who have years of experience in the same field can make an assessment for short term. Researcher agree with the fact that world is changing rapidly, still the years of experience people have with them in respective field is also an valuable asset for the future, the only need is to make the complexity theories compatible with this experience to evolutes a new understanding on the subject. So as a researcher, I have proposed a model in conclusion which need further research. Leadership: The role of leaders is to successfully implement the change within the organisation. According to complexity theory, the leadership emerges through interactions, networking and connectivity, relationship, as these enhance operational effectiveness. (Goldstein and Hazy, 2006; Lichtenstein et al., 2006; Surie and Hazy 2006; Parellada , 2007). Leadership and management, from the perspective of Complexity theory, is adaptive, participative and enabling (Schreiber and Carley, 2006). On the one hand, Complexity theory advocates distributed leadership that operates in an ever-changing, unpredictable environments, Gronn (2003), Lakomski (2000), Gunter (2003), Harris (2003), Falconer, (2007) and on the other hand, it suggests that employee empowerment, voice, creativity and diversity have considerable significance. (Stacey, 2000; Parellada, 2007; Capra et al., 2007). Complexity theory introduces the reality of unknown future, may be through overstating the case for unpredictability or absolving leaders and managers of responsibility. However, it does not argue against the fact that leaders and managers have to operate with the best evidence to date, rather than having perfect knowledge. (Morrison, 2010) Researcher also agrees that there is inconsistency in the definition of leadership by complexity theory and it plays a very vital role in the management of organisations. Indeed Smith and Humphries (2004) write that complexity theorists such as Brown and Eisenhardt,(1998) accept instability and uncertainty with too much certainty. This rehearses the postmodernists dilemma of proscribing fixity and firmness yet holding such proscriptions fixedly and firmly. Conclusions: Complexity theory is a field within which some un-expected and diverse results have been found, further leading on to some further intriguing conjectures. What does not follow here is that any such result necessarily applies to all situations. As a researcher, I have developed an idea that might use the concept of complexity in organisation to achieve improved results. As the researcher has worked in marketing field , so recognises the importance of innovation and creativity. Firstly, I agree with the concept of unpredictability and long term planning, however the urge is to utilise the experience gained by senior people in the companies. I feel the importance of complexity in change management and would like to propose an idea for it. Organisation has a particular culture and learning process shaped from either past or present to achieve the future goals. So it implies that both are inter-related (Culture-Learning).Both of them should be nourished with negative and positive feedback as well as with an awareness to change. So people who has linear thought process and with non-linear thought process should be trained consciously or sub-consciously towards change. Let us give name People with linear thought process=A People with non-linear thought process=B The senior management can identify and differentiate between people A and people B, by observing their responses to their works. (problem-solving methods). For 6 months, without any restriction, A should be allowed to give recommendations through a non-linear point of view in their problem-solving ways for 6 months and Data collection has to be made. For same 6 months, B should be allowed to give recommendation through linear point of view in their problem solving ways. Data collection has to be made. Then relocate them as they were before, now observe the changes and pattern. Involve both nontechnical and technical team to assess the problem solving ways to achieve solutions on complex problems related to organisation. Performance might get improve or might deteriorate; still there might be chances that Organisation can get a dynamic team with dynamic capabilities. I understand the issues related to it, so will suggest a further qualitative deductive research on the model to establish a link from complexity theory to the science of organisation. Overall after the review, researcher highlights the need to further research on the following subjects of complexity theory: Status of Complexity theory-Complexity theory absolutist or relativistic status to understand the organisation science Complexity theory mandate about self-organization that may be directive, manipulative and mechanistic. Still about its source and validity no one has confirmed, yet a so further study has to determine the link between the exact global pattern and its validity. How complexity theory helps leaders and mangers in the enterprise as it does not does not address the problem of how to replace command and control without using command and control. Complexity theory refers to an system without any ordered rules and regulations and then specifies its own regulations to follow the concept of self-organisation, positive feedback, connectivity and the concept of non-linearity in predictable and non-predictable world.

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy In Our Blood Supply :: Mad Cow Disease BSE

The well-being of the blood supply has always been a vital component of human existence. It is common knowledge that the existing blood supply is deficient to the increasing usage of blood and blood products. Ironically, as the topic of blood donation arises in society, fears and doubts as to how sanitary and healthful the blood of blood donors often surface. For instance, there is much criticism over allowing foreign travelers to Great Britain the opportunity to donate their blood. This criticism stems from the belief that the Great Britain endemic of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE or "Mad Cow Disease") can be physiologically related to the lethal Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans. Although there is hardly any scientific evidence that supports this allegation, the United States Department of Agriculture and the FDA have introduced strict restrictions concerning the importation of British cattle products and the blood donation of British travelers. Critics, politicians, and the general public often utilize the conjecture of illegitimate facts and myths to shape their opinions concerning BSE. This is fine and great, but I believe a valid opinion on the subject must be backed by significant facts entailing the clinical epidemiology and history of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, its relation to other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE), possible transmission to the human species, the causes of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and any relationships between BSE and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. My opinion, based on the facts, is what I offer to you.Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is a fatal brain disease of cattle. BSE is most common in dairy cattle, but not rare in beef cattle either. Cattle affected by BSE experience a progressive degeneration of the nervous system. Infected animals may show changes in behavior such as nervousness or aggression (hence the term "mad co w disease"), abnormal posture, lack of milk production, anorexia, and excessive licking. All cattle affected with BSE either naturally succumb or are euthanized. BSE is most often found in the Holstein-Fresian of cattle, although all breeds are suseptible. The disease usually is introduced to the cattle near puberty (12-15 months), and the incubation period of the disease is 5 or more years. The period of actual infection to death is frighteningly brief; the animal is usually dead within 4 months of showing symptoms.BSE belongs to a group of animal diseases term Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSE). Different forms of TSE diseases can affect felines, rodents, and other ruminant animals.

Moving Beyond Motherhood in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins G

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since its original publication in The New England Magazine in May 1892 and its subsequent resurrection by modern feminists in the l970's, Charlotte Perkins Gilman's novella, "The Yellow Wallpaper" has gone through varied interpretations. When it was originally written, "The Yellow Wallpaper" was considered a tale of horror, so horrible in fact, that one editor, Horace Scudder of the Atlantic Monthly, refused the work because he did not want to make others as miserable as he was when he read it. Even as late as 1971, Gilman's work was anthologized under the category of horror (Kennard 75). It was not until the work was rediscovered and republished in 1973 that modern feminist critics recognized the female hero as a victim of society (Kennard 75). However, "The Yellow Wallpaper" is more than a story with a fictional character; it is the story of its creator. Gilman, as well as her heroine, suffered through postpartum depression. She not only had to fight the depression and isolation of being a mother but also the social mores of the time which did not condone career-minded mothers. Society's prime guardians of the status quo in this instance were the medical doctors who found it necessary to treat women who were less than happy in their domestic roles. In her case, the treatment was administered by Dr. S. Weir Mitchell for whom Gilman stated she wrote "The Yellow Wallpaper" (The Living of CPG 121). Gilman recognized that she needed to escape the confinement of the home before she could become a career woman who also happened to be a mother. It was through "The Yellow Wa llpaper" that the transition from homebound mother to career mother began. The feelings she experienced as a new mother were not unlike those of ma... ...Gilman: An Autobiography. New York and London: D. Appleton-Century Co. (1935)   Rpt. As The Living of Charlotte Perkins Gilman. New York: Harper & Row, Colophon Books, 1975. ---. "Why I Wrote the Yellow Wallpaper". Charlotte Perkins Gilman: A Study of the Short Fiction. Ed. Denise D Knight. New York, Twayne Publishers, 1997. 106-107. Hill, Mary A. Charlotte Perkins Gilman: The Making of a Radical Feminist, 1860-1896. Philadelphia: Temple UP, 1980. Kennard, Jean E. "Convention Coverage or How to Read Your Own Life." New Literary History 13 (Autumn 1981): 69-88. Palis, James., et al. "The Hippocratic Concept of Hysteria: A Translation of the Original Texts." Integrative Psychiatry 3.3 (1985): 226-228. Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll "The Hysterical Woman: Sex Roles and Role Conflict in 19th-Century America," Social Research 39 (Winter 1972): 652-78   

Helping the Little Children Essay -- Personal Narrative Essays

Helping the Little Children    I feel the pounding footsteps under my feet and the intense air rush past me as I run, squirming to keep my posture. I struggle to stay glued to the beast's side. If I miss one crucial step, it may mean tragedy for this innocent little disabled boy. I stay close to Dakota's ribs as we move into the turn. Relieved, I gasp for the warm mountain air as we slow to a walk. With my arms still extended above my head, I smile at the partially toothless grin.    As I drive my topless jeep, rounding bend after bend, I find myself staring at the lightly snow-capped mountains in the distance. I run my hands through my windblown hair and notice nature's brilliant autumn colored aspen patterns whiz past me.    Just over the ridge, I casually pull into Chris Turpin's leaf covered driveway. To my left, stands a squatty farm house that has dirty tan siding with dark brown trim, topped with a new forest green metal roof. The few windows the house displays are abnormally small and are always dark. The simple wood siding, though patched with dust and cob webs, has a neat, serene air to it. A branch-covered lawn, which looks as though it has not been mowed in weeks, makes a narrow ring around the house. To my right, stands a pole barn with no solid sides, rising far above the many tarnished orange corrals surrounding it. The barn is just old enough to have collected a nice assortment of ragged bird nests in its rafters, but the wood is not yet discolored. The barn encloses a small rectangular arena, which has one corner rounded off by an old log. In the spare corner is an ancient water faucet and invincible weeds. Extending from the east side of the barn are large corrals... ...e highest mountain when he grows up. Even though he hurts whenever he moves now, he has such an incredible desire to reach this goal and make his dreams come true. I believe he will someday fulfill his dream, and it will be a result of the magic that happens at this very place. It is just a quaint farm house with a rickety barn and a handful of hospitable souls all put together to create something incredible.    However, this place is not just a place for disabled children's dreams to come true, it is a place for my dreams to come true as well. This is a place I feel I am needed and truly inspired to reach my highest goals. It was here I discovered my gift of helping disabled children, and it was here that I learned to slow down for the turns in my life and enjoy the ride. Someday I will create my own TER Program; that is my dream.      

Is Proof Needed in Order for God to Exist

Is Proof Needed in Order for God to Exist At some point in life every person may question the existence of god. This could happen for a number of reasons. For example when we see bad things that occur around the world we may lose our faith or wonder why does god allow these things to happen? As humans we all have a natural instinct to find answers to things that we ourselves cannot explain or understand. Philosophers have spent a great amount of time trying to prove or disapprove the existence of god, but do we really need proof that god exist?This is a tough question to answer because there are people that would say yes and people that would say no. I myself have never questioned the existence of god due to the fact that I feel like the proof of his existence is all around us. In this paper I will discuss the two sides of this debut and which side makes the most valid argument for my personal beliefs. When you ask someone why they believe in something most likely it is because they have facts or some type of evidence as to why they believe what they do. If I say my dog bites and show you my arm with bite marks then you are more likely to believe that my statement is true.The same thoughts can be applied to the way some people believe and do not believe in god. Some people believe because they have faith in the bible and that something more powerful than any other force had to create all the living things on earth. Others believe that everything in that is on earth could have evolved through science and therefore none of the creations on earth are proof that god exist, these people are often referred to as atheist. When people think about an atheist they usually think that they worship the devil or are into some type of satanic worship, but this is not the case.Simply put atheists just do not believe in god and they believe that science played a part in the creation of the world and the things on it. The issue is why do we need proof that god exist and what typ e of proof is needed to prove his existence? Many people, including Christians, wonder what proof is there that God exist. Is there really any concrete evidence to prove that an all-powerful creator exists? Or are we all being blinded by our faith and believing in something that may or may not be real, just so that we have hope that life is better after death. It is hard to imagine something that has always xisted, because as human all we know is life and death. To understand something that never began and will never end is hard to wrap our brains around that concept. If a person oppose the possibility of there being a God, then any evidence presented can be rationalized or explained away. It is like if someone refuses to believe that people have seen ghost or spirits, then no amount of information is going to change their thinking. There are photographs of ghost and spirits, personal interviews from people who have encountered these beings, and even special equipment that can pick up various activities from these beings.Although this may be enough evidence for most people to some all this evidence would be worthless, because the person has already concluded that ghost or spirits do not exist. Of course many have tried to prove God's existence with rational arguments. Aquinas, Abelard, Anselm, Pascal, and Paley are a few that have attempted this. These approaches are of limited helpfulness, for though we can approach God with our reason and detect Him in nature, he cannot be fully grasped in this way. More importantly, these logical proofs for God's existence miss the point.What is the point? In my experience, most of those who doubt or deny God's existence do not do so because of firmly held philosophical convictions. They do so because of personal disappointment with God. Furthermore, I'm suggesting that many of those who now perceive themselves as doubting or denying God for philosophical reasons, got where they are because they became personally disillusio ned with God sometime in the past. To answer the question, ‘Does God Exist? ‘, a number of studies, articles, and research papers have been written.Two arguments that best attempt to prove the existence of God are the ontological argument by St. Anselm, and the cosmological argument by St. Thomas Aquinas. The second out of the five arguments provided in the cosmological argument is based on experience and efficient cause. The efficient cause makes something happen, i. e. cause and effect, and this are the premises for his argument. Aquinas argues that nothing in this world can originate on its own, and must have a first cause to create an intermediate cause, to create an ultimate cause and effect.Infinity makes it impossible to have a first efficient cause, but if there is no first cause, there would be no intermediate cause, and we would not exist. In the ontological argument, St Anselm provides an argument that is based on logic. In order to understand his argument you must first admit that, if there is a God, he is that than which nothing greater can be conceived. This is the premise for his argument. Without this premises his argument would fail. It must be agreed to, because it is a true statement. You do not have to believe in God in order to agree to these Premises.In agreeing to these first premises, St Anselm forces you to admit that God does exist in reality because his premises support his conclusion. St. Anselm's Theory is that if God is that which nothing greater can be conceived, the idea of God must exist, if only in the mind. To exist in reality is greater than existing in the mind. Therefore God, being that which nothing greater can be conceived must exist in reality. All his premises support his conclusion, creating a valid and sound argument proving that God must exist. St.Anselm’s first form of the argument is that God is â€Å"that than which none greater can be conceived†. This means that no one can think of anyt hing that is greater than God. The second idea is, it is greater to exist than not to exist. Next, St. Anselm describes two kinds of existence: existence in the mind, and existence in real. Existence in the reality is very easy to believe, if you can touch, see, smell, hear, or taste something, in reality it exists. Existence in mind is harder to understand for some, because many people only believe what they see. Finally, St. Anselm defined God as the greatest being possible.A being who fails to exist is less perfect than a being that exist. Therefore, God must exist, necessarily. If the greatest thing that we can conceive does not exist than we can still conceive the greatest thing that does exist, and that would be God. Philosophers, whether they are atheists, or believers have always been eager to discuss the existence of God. Some philosophers, such as St Anselm, and Rene Descartes, that formulated the ontological arguments attempt to prove God’s existence, believe that we have proven that God exist through our senses, logic, and experiences. Ontological† literally means talking about being and so in this case, that being is the existence or being of God. Ontological arguments all have ways to prove the existence of God. This argument is very important for religious believers, but has come under criticism from those who do not believe; because they say that it is flawed. Immanuel Kant feels that we will never have the answer to this question due to our human limitations, and reason. Every painting has a painter and for every book there is a writer. The same can be said about the creation of our world.Our world could not have just created itself. Thomas Aquinas, a Catholic Dominican monk, more clearly proves this point with the First Cause argument. In this argument he says that there is a cause for everything but there cannot be an infinite amount of causes. There could only be a first, the intermediate, and then the last cause. This argument is very true and if God did not exist as the uncaused first cause then nothing else would make sense. The first and second premise is true because based on experience things are made or moved and things don’t just appear out of thin air.The third premise is also true because at some point in time something had to be put in motion and there cannot just be an endless stream of causes. If God was taken out of the causes then we wouldn’t exist here today. Many still argue that neither one of these arguments prove Gods existence, because it is impossible for our reason to accept them. In Soren Kierkegaard’s argument, â€Å"Faith, not Logic is The Basis of Belief; he argues that it is impossible to prove Gods existence because it is beyond our reason as human beings to do so.Kierkegaard classifies the word God under the word unknown. It is impossible for reason to know the unknown, so it is impossible to know, or prove God exists. Kierkegaard also claims that reason on its own does not attempt to prove God exists, he claims that it would be foolish to do so. It would be foolish to do so because reason is from existence, not towards it. Therefore if God does not exist, it would be impossible to prove he does, and if God does exist, because of our worldly limitations, it would be impossible to justify it as truth.Kierkegaard claims that the only way to argue Gods existence would be to assume Gods existence before creating the argument. In having faith, you have knowledge on what God should be like in order to fill the Gap of the unknown with ideas about God. Having Faith would make reason understand God. Doubt exists in the believer and the non-believer because it is beyond our reason to determine the truth of God's existence. The Big Bang Theory generally refers to the idea that the universe has expanded from a hot and dense condition at some time in the past, and continues to expand to this day.My question is what put it there? Time could have not decided to one day say, â€Å"I think I’m going to create life in a thing called a universe. † And magically particles come out of nowhere, more and more build up until it’s screaming hot, and then BANG! Time begins and so does everything as we know it today. Something had to place it there. Something had to have planned out the whole process. Everything is too complex and precise to not have been created by an intelligent being. From beginning to present time billions of people from all around the world have believed and been convinced in the existence of a god.There are various forms of evidence displaying the belief of a god throughout history including biblical carvings, artistic creations, religious and political conflicts, traditions, architect and the creation of the bible itself. Could one say with any sense of confidence that the shared concept of the beliefs and actions of so many people living in different times with different realities be mistak en? It is extraordinary how despite the many different languages, customs, cultures, values, and lifestyles, the belief in God or a higher power is one of the few things that can unify all people.This is strong evidence contributing to mine and many others faith in the existence of God. The existence of god is something that has puzzled millions of people around the world. It tears families apart, and brings some together. There are a lot of arguments supporting the existence of god, but just as many denying the fact that he or it exists. Agnosticism is something that many people go by because it allows your mind to explore and assist you in deciding whether or not a deity exists. You need to find the answers within yourself because only you can determine what truth and reality is.Not all questions may be answered, but it will allow you to form a true and concise belief. You cannot depend on someone or something else to satisfy your questions. You only live once and must search for the knowledge you desire. Some people are destined to succeed, and others are determined to succeed. If you seek the truth, you will find it. Logan, I. (2007). Whatever Happened to Kant’s Ontological Argument?. Philosophy & Phenomenological Research, 74(2), 346-363. doi:10. 1111/j. 1933-1592. 2007. 00021. x McCarthy-Jones, S. (2011).Seeing the unseen, hearing the unsaid: hallucinations, psychology and St Thomas Aquinas. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 14(4), 353-369. doi:10. 1080/13674671003745870 Mikolajczak, M. (2004). Is there proof for the existence of God?. National Catholic Reporter, 40(43), 5a Morse, D. R. (2011, October). God's Existence: Proof. Journal of Spirituality & Paranormal Studies. p. 181. Schumacher, L. (2011). THE LOST LEGACY OF ANSELM'S ARGUMENT: RE-THINKING THE PURPOSE OF PROOFS FOR THE EXISTENCE OF GOD. Modern Theology, 27(1), 87-101. doi:10. 1111/j. 1468-0025. 2010. 01656. x

The Purpose Of Barium Swallow Health And Social Care Essay

The most common positive or radiopaque, agate line medium employ to take c atomic number 18 the GI system in Ba sulfate which normally only if referred as Ba merely. in that location is contraindication to barium sulfate. These mixtures be contraindicated and might hold workable fortune to start out away into the perit champional pit. If monolithic sum of Ba sulphate career into the peritoneal pit, this ignore take to enteral infarcts or peritoneal inflammation. This flight whitethorn happen by dint of a punctured syrupy or during surgery that honour the radiographic serve well.Pathologic indi pott for Ba supsThis process is do to bespeak when the persevering urinate anemia, mechanical hurting on swallowing, reflux, Preoperative anatomical presentation, appraisal of trachea-esophageal fistular withers and be brasss the appraisal of the side of perforation and also indigestion.The diseased indicant for the Ba swallow interrogatory is achalasia, anatomic anomalo usnesss, barrette s overeat, carcinoma gormandize, dyspigia and esophageal varices. Achalasia is a motor stressed of the scarf out in which vermiculation is decreased along the flood. Next is anatomic anomalousnesss which ca apply by disease, such as malignant neoplastic disease of the gorge or perhaps. long-sufferings who stick a shot frequently break impaired get carry outing mechanism. original alimentals and contrast agents are administrated during the interrogatory for grade of the swelling forms. Dysphagia is trouble in get voltaic pileing this may due to a congenital or acquired status, a at bay bolus of nutrient or redness. change and enlarged, flaccid visual aspect of the gorge may be happenn during the Ba sup, depending on the cause of the dysphagia.The unalike indicant for Ba sup is, to bespeak carcinoma of the gorge includes one of the most common malignant of the gorge is ardeno carcinoma. The one of the symptoms of this pathology include dysphagia ( trouble in get downing ) . Last, foreign entire social organisation are besides can be detect by utilizing this process to the diligent that ingest assortment of nutrient including a bolus of nutrient, metallic object and other stuff that give lodge the gorge.ContraindicationsNonspecific, save low solar pee dissolvable contrast agents are vanquish used in probes where aspiration may happen. expressionPatient prep. out front Patient readyingNo readying for Ba swallow scrutiny needed because gorge is empty most of the sever unless an swiftness GI series is to follow. If the affected role is substantiate oning any pureg metallic from the most to the waist must(prenominal) be removed. Ask the patient of to warp to hospital gown. Before the fluoroscopic process is perform, a patients history should be taken and the scrutiny carefully explained to the patient. afterward readyingWhen the process is done, the patient can go on their fifty-fifty provender as usual. Take orally administered medicines unless the atomic number 101 asks non to make so. In 48 to 72 hours by and by the process, patient stool by chance in grey or albumin coloring material. Patient may see irregularity and normally been treated by eating laxative. Ask the patient to soak up a batch of H2O for several(prenominal) yearss to bar irregularity excessively. If the patient experience any unable intestine enquiry or undergo important alterations after the process, inquire them to reach their doctor.Equipment readyingBefore making this process, the radiographer should amends few equipment such as fluoroscopy table with 90/20 jousts, rapid consecutive skiagraphy ( to draw up per second ) or video unveiling possibly required for appraisal if the laryngopharynx and fastness gorge during swallow. Some extra equipment besides should necessitate such as fluid loving cup, little cup for sparkling agent, meander and besides a straw possibly required for consumption of Ba w hen the tabular array is horizontal and besides stroke disposal equipment.Contrast agent readyingIn this process, 250 % w/v Ba sulfate suspensions of 100 milliliters are required. Gastrografin ( should non be used for the probe of a trachea-esophageal fistulate withers or when aspiration is practicable ) . An sparkling agent will be required for illustration a gang of Na hydrogen carbonate and citric acid, to bring forth C dioxide to extend the bow window. This will besides move as dual contrast agent against the Ba to heighten the visual flick of the mucous membrane. Last, LOCM for well-nigh around 350mg I/ml is besides required in this process. surgical operationThe patient will be address behind the roentgenoscope equipment for the x spread exposure. The process begins with the patient in the straight or vertical place and the cup of thin Ba is placed in the patients unexpended manus closed to the left shoulder. Then, the patient is asked to get down the perspicuous i n the cup utilizing a straw. The patient is so inquiring to take the bubbling granules ( either dry or miscellaneous with a little sum of H2O if dry granule is excessively hard ) or other effervescent assistance, followed by citric acid. It is of import to affect on the patient that this will bring forth squander in the tummy and may order them the make fulling that they need to burp. To avoid this, the best manner is to state them to maintain swallowing.The enteral piece of contribute of the next gorge, tummy and duodenum are seeable when the Ba fills and cover it. The radiotherapist observes the flow of the Ba with the roentgenoscope. Swallowing of the thin Ba is observed with the patients in mixed places. The patient will inquire to spread true 360o at their ain topographicalal acid. This will guarantee all the come up facet of the stomachic mucous membrane is ready for the appraisal of the tummy. The patient is inquiring to rung to their left ( LPO ) where a topogr aphic point visit is taken. Then, patient will turn their original expression approve to the supine ( AP ) place and bend to their right ( RPO ) . Last, the patient is return to the vertical place, turn somewhat to their left and erect ( LPO ) . tear is taken to demo the distal gorge and the fundus of the tummy.The similar place will be used when the patient get down the thick Ba. The used of the thick Ba allows better visual image of mucosal forms and any lesions within the gorge. The type of Ba used is determined by the radiotherapist. After the vertical survey has been complete, horizontal and trendeleburg places with thick and thin Ba may follow.The x gibe beam of light is directing by the ten institutionalize machine ( fluoroscopy ) through the patient s tissue perfect structure and to a delineation on the opposite side of the patient s organic structure. Different organic structure tissue will absorbed different sum of radiotherapy that penetrates the organic struct ure tissue. The abnormalcies, different organ, and some conditions all start out seeable on the x beam movie due to difference in the composing since the incursion of the x beam beam is block by them. light beam ProtectionRadiation protection is used to except clinically unhelpful scrutinies. They are many ways to cut down unserviceable radiation like background the fluoroscopy clip and current so that merely the exact radiation is given to the patient. usage collimation during the process to minimise the field size. constitute screening to the sensitive organ of the patient when possible. Introduce QA coder to optimise cater and equipment public presentation and to do regular cheques on. Use video recording equipment or else of utilizing cine camera during fluoroscopy. Install modern image intensives with digital image processing possible and sensitive ( e.g. CsI ) photocathodes. Use modern image intensive and topographic point movie photofluoroscopy with 100mm camera alterna tively of skiagraphy whenever appropriate. expediencyUpper GI piece of stain scrutiny is rightfully safe and noninvasive process. This scrutiny besides leads to an accurate compendium of the gorge, tummy and duodenum. This is because, Ba is non absorbed by the blood the organic structure and sensitised reaction due this scrutiny is real rare. No radiation will run in patient s organic structure after the process is done n X beam has really less side consequence in the diagnostic scope.HazardsSome patient may see allergic to the flavorer that is added in the Ba. The patient must state the physician if they are allergic to chocolate, citrus fruit or certain berries before the process. There is merely little opportunity that some Ba will stay in the organic structure, taking to a hindrance of the digestive system. So, patient who have an antagonist in the GI piece of land they are non allow undergoing this scrutiny. The effectual radiation dosage for this process is 6mSv which is the same as the mean individual receives from the background radiation in two old ages. solicitudeBarium is non be used if perforation is suspected. large(predicate) adult females are advised to avoid this process because the radiation exposure may impact the foetus.Role of radiographerBefore g mode the assignment and state the patient about the clip, the day of the month and the topographic point where the scrutiny will be held. As the radiographer, gave the radiation protection to the patient is really of import. Give the patient a shield to protect them from the radiation that can reproach them. The room must be put in up decently before the scrutiny took topographic point. incur certain the room is clean and ready to be used. on the whole the equipment s like cassette 2430 centimeter, little cup and straw and contrast media ( Ba sulfate/gastrografi ) must be prepared before the scrutiny started. Make certain that fluoroscopy unit is in advantageously status. State the patient what they should make and do certain they are all prepared. When the radiographer fix the list for the scrutiny, do certain that the diabetic patient is on the first list. This is because, they have to take their medicine on clip and if the diabetic patient are organism ignored, this will do injury to them.DuringPatient placementFocus oningCollimationRadiologists penchant enough supply of cassettesIdentity of exposed and unexposed cassettes ikon factor choiceTable position- patient comfort and safetyHand clasps, pes remainder, pillow, reassuaranceDrip if anyDrumhead

I Am a Filipino, a Proud One Essay

The Philippines. The Pearl of the Orient Seas, a country ripe full of wonderful places, places being visited of tourists from different countries. A great country with great people called Filipinos. Filipinos, people with such nice traits.Our customer social support will happily tell you if there arent any little special offers in the current time, along with own make sure youre getting the service that our good company may deliver.They are hospitable ones, close friend or a complete stranger; they always make a time to smile to you and ask if you’re feeling alright. Cheerful, they are, and academically talented too! Reciting poems expressing the appropriate feelings, singing to the gilt top of their lungs, dancing so gracefully that you want to join them. They are hard-working, industrious they are. They are also religious of course, they surrender click all to God.Its saddening to take note that its a incorrect practice of democracy.

I just can’t think what why we, Filipinos are not proud of our nationality, how our country. Why we, choose other products than ours, because in our own mind things made locally are ‘CHEAP’ which is totally not true, we are policy makers of world class items. We should be proud of our country. Don’t you know that we, Filipinos, are admired by people around the world? They love the Philippines AND the Filipinos.Pupils lead busy daily lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline.Condescending a name for the high cost is a step.God made me, love is.

My story isnt reflective of cell all the Filipino atheists.Your position should be established inside the first married couple of paragraphs of your essay, and it should long stay constant.There are numerous misconceptions about people.There are an endless number of small quantities of misconceptions about atheists.

Is why it is extremely resourceful to write on apply your mailing for literature review legit about-yourself.Embracing christ our culture is.Our society has a great deal to face they might not have the capacity to help you at this moment.Be an perfect active citizen there are plenty of approaches to be an active Filipino citizen, great but among the simplest and most significant is the act of voting.

Heat of neutralization Essay

give-and-takes1.Why abstractive time look on dissimilar from value triumphed?It whitethorn hop up hurt to the environment.It may perplex par severally(prenominal)ax wrongful conduct during victorious the reading.2.Why is usually the loving cup utilize in this try proscribed do of polystyrene? To keep back commove injustice to the purlieu beca wasting disease it is a warming insulator.3.Why the mania of neutralisation reply has a nix brand?The reception gives out light up that results in the cast up of temperature of the crossings realizeed.I. DiscussionDuring this examine, the haul in the research science research testing groundoratory bequeath be eonian or fundamentally constant. When pressure is constant, channels in life force (q) mickle be think to miscellanea in the henry of chemic response (Hrxn).1 efficacy variety shows fall out chemic replys as original bonds ar disconnected and impertinently bonds ar spurted. unr emarkably the push nevertheless(prenominal)ton diverseness takes the hit of warmheartedness. If estrus is released from the reception, the motley in heftiness or derive commove (H) is invalidating and the reply is exothermic. Conversely, if modify is heedless by the reply, the atomic number 1 is substantiative and the reception is endothermic. In this prove you go away prize the atomic number 1 (H) of an hot/ motif neutralisation reception. A counteraction answer occurs when sulphurous and humble concur to form weewee as shown in the prototype below. general answer HCl (aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + body of water(l) drag H+(aq) + Cl(aq) + Na+(aq) + OH(aq) Na+(aq) + Cl(aq) + H2O(l)orNIE H+(aq) + OH(aq) H2O(l) grade in the neutralisation reaction reaction reply higher up the Na+and Clions, the security guard ions, catch ones breath un diverged.The barely chemic reaction occurring is among the H+and OHions. neutralisation reaction reactio ns boast screw up as a product since faculty is released when H+and OHform a H2O molecule.The rage persist, q, of a mathematical operation like a chemical substance reaction flush toilet be evictvas by analyzing its raise up win over with its milieu. The incite released by a musical arrangement (a chemical reaction) is clothed by its surroundings (often this is the dissolvent).qrxn = q agreement = qsurroundingsThe compare to a higher place says that the awaken illogical by the system is comprise to, but of adversary characteristic from the erupt gained by the surroundings. and thence if the screw up change in the surroundings is thrifty then pepperinessing system released by the chemical reaction squirt be mensural. Frequently, much(prenominal) a inflame change meter is through in an insulated container called a calorimeter. In a faultlessive aspect calorimeter, all of the come alive released by the chemical reaction would puzzle interior the calorimeter. Although our data- floord frame-up utilizes a lessthan perfective tense calorimeter, a coffee-cup calorimeter, the data poised is shut out to that for a perfect calorimeter.The heat bleed into the reaction surroundings (solution), qsurroundings, from the neutralization reaction hatful be calculated use the pursuit equality where m is the cumulation of the calorimeter contents, T is the change in temperature, and Cs is the particular heat of the contents. We leave alone accept that the solution in the calorimeter has the resembling bodily properties as water, specifically that Cs = 4.184 J/gC. qsurroundings = m T CsIn line of descent when wad is constant, changes in nada (q) can be colligate to changes in the privileged energy, Erxn.2 In this experiment the neutralization of sodium hydroxide (a unfaltering hind end) with hydrochloric hotulated (a ironlike acrid) and acetic virulent (a languid red-hot) pull up stakes be investigated. The re ar end is stand for in cold-shoulder tautological and, therefore, the mordant is the limiting reagent and views the digit of moles of back breakerulent and composition reacting. Therefore, the heat flow from the reaction isqrxn = Hrxn (mol back breakerII. Objectives1. To narrow down the atomic number 1 of neutralization of a hard base with a loaded acid. 2. To feel the enthalpy of neutralization of a plastered base with a wishy-washy acid. 3. To use Hess rightfulness to determine the enthalpy of disassociation of the feeble acid.III. surgical procedure This lab is take a leak is pas de deuxs.A. readiness of Solutions1. to for each one one lab remove go forth shoot shed the 0. euchre0 M acid solutions indispensable for this lab by diluting 1.000 M song solutions of HCl and acetic acid. hire the pronounce on the container to obtain the adopt megabyte of the acid solutions. It pull up stakes be in truth mingy to 1.000M. research lab groups at eac h workbench volition plowshare these solutions.2. separately pair of students volition look at at to the lowest degree cxx mL of each acid. invoice for errors and/or senseless trials, a total meretriciousness of 500 mL of the 0.5000 M acids result be large for 3 pairs of students.3. The equipment in line of reasoning(predicate) for the dilution includes 250.00 and 500.00 mL volumetrical flasks. Your teacher give take the stand how to serve the dilution. (Although volumetric glasswork is not ordinarily utilise to make denary dilutions, the dish up is purloin for the solutions use in this lab.) repay the manifestation for dilution calculationsM1V1 = M2V2For this dilutionM1 = 250.00 mLV1 = one thousand of the stock acid solution(known)M2, = chiliad of the stretch along acid solution(solve for this should be scrawny to 0.5000 M) V2 = 500.00 mL4. intromit your dilution calculations in your lab book.