Colonialism and Immigration Restriction Act of 1901

Colonialism and in-migration Re exigention work out of 1901Alan Taylor be Colonialism and the in-migration rampart Act of 1901 re all(prenominal)y dead in Australia?In this taste I forget propose that colonialism and the immigration breastwork Act aka flannel Australia indemnity,1 are not dead, not reasonable yet several(prenominal)(prenominal)way. I will briefly outline some of the ten-spotsions in the community which conduct to the implementation of this policy in 1901. I will similarly go over how the media of the day helped this policy along. I will indeed go on to explain how this policy, which was enacted to s draw non Europeans entering Australia, effected the autochthonic population mop up-to-end the life of said policy. I will and then go on to see if some points from this policy are being revived in like a shots political environment, or is it safe coincidence that these modernistic legislations seem to align themselves with the livid Australia poli cy of yesteryear. Also I will briefly examine if these newfangled policies breach the Human Rights Act. wiz in particular, surgical operation Sovereign Borders,2 designed to stop refugees entering the surface area illegally. By the end if this essay I should be able to do the question posed above.The immigration Restriction Act was the main voice of a package of legislation acknowledged by the new national Parliament in 1901. It was premeditated to exclude all non-European migrants and also the original population who were deemed as not being Australian. This package also embodied the Pacific Islander Labourers Act and Section 15 of the 1901 Post and cable Act,3 which erectd that ships hauling Australian mail, and therefore funded by the Commonwealth, should provide embrace for duster labour only.4 The attitudes were in line with Australian nationalism of the deep 1800s. And was a move to control non-European immigration to most of the Australian colonies date ver tebral column to the 1850s.The beginning of the blanched Australia policy began with the mining boom of the 1850s. The white miners anger towards the hard- computeing Chinese diggers ended in violence in capital of Seychelles and New South Wales. These two colonies governments initiated restraints on the immigration of Chinese multitude. Later, it was the overrule of hard-working indentured labourers from the Pacific South Sea Islands know as Kanakas in the northern region of Queensland.The employees of factories in the south became strongly opposed to all forms of immigration which might threaten their employ predominantly by non-white people who they thought would accept an inferior standard of living and also would work for lower wages. A number of influential Queenslanders felt that they would be expelled from the impending Federation if the Kanaka trade did not stop. Leading NSW and Victorian politicians advised that there would be no place for Asiatics or coloureds in the Australia of the future.In 1901, the new federal government voted for an Act ending the employment of Pacific Islanders and former(a) non-white people. The immigration Restriction Act 1901 obtained royal approval on the twenty-third December1901. It was depicted as an Act to deliver certain limitations on immigration and for the removal from the Commonwealth of forbidden immigrants. The Act banned from immigration those considered to be insane, anyone expected to become a burden upon the public or upon any public or charitable institution. This also include any individual suffering from an infectious or contagious disease of a anxious or dangerous character. Other limitations put in place included a dictation test which was used to eliminate certain aspirants by entailing them to pass a written test. Often these tests were carried out in a language that the aspirant was not familiar with and had been selected by an immigration officer. With these strict measures in place the ena ctment of the White Australia policy was warmly applauded by most sections of the community.In 1919 the Prime curate, William Morris Hughes, hailed it as the greatest thing we riger achieved.5 The immigration Restriction Act demonstrates Australias stance toward immigration from federation until the subsequent part of the 20th century, which preferred appli idlerts from certain countries, most of these applicants were mainly of European nationality. The abolition of this policy occurred over a period of 25 years. after(prenominal) the 1949 election win of the alliance between the Liberal and Country parties, Immigration Minister Harold Holt permitted 800 non-European refugees to stay in Australia and Japanese war brides were allowed to enter Australia. everyplace succeeding years Australian governments steadily dismantled the policy with the lowest remnants being removed in 1973 by the new Labor government.The Immigration Restriction Act 1901 represents the official adoption by Commonwealth of Australia of racial policies that resulted in a form of immigration apartheid that grew out of racist nineteenth century community attitudes. Up until the middle of the20th century, these types of racist attitudes limited the natal population from realizing the same rights as the white Australians. In the 1950s, many of the autochthonal population were relocated in missions where they had to abide to stringent conditions and to rely on handouts of food. A number were even forced to assimilate into white Australian society after being removed from their family homes as children, these were to become known as the stolen generations. The media throughout this period used cartoon images and headlines such as to put across the Government views on who should be allowed entry into Australia. bandage the policy which was enacted in 1901 to restrict the immigration of non Europeans has been dead, since 1973, I fear some components of said Policy are creeping back into todays Policy making, in an age where we are considered to be in the berth colonialism era. The measures undertaken during this period were helped along by the print media of the day, as it is today.On 21 June 2007, the Australian Government announced a national want rejoinder to protect Aboriginal children in the blue dirt from sexual twist and family violence. This has become known as the NT intervention or the Emergency reception.6 The medium for the actions was the release of Report of the nonethern rule Board of interrogation into the Protection of Aboriginal Children from Sexual Abuse, titled Ampe Akelyernemane Meke Mekarle Little Children are sanctified.7Some parts of the NT intervention policy, was to initiate extensive alcohol restrictions on the Aboriginal lands in the Northern Territory. The enforcing of school attendance by linking income concur and family assistance payments to school attendance for all people living on Aboriginal lands and providing meals fo r children at school at the expense of the parents. Also the macrocosm of obligatory health checks for all Aboriginal children to aid in the recognizing and negotiateing of health problems and any causes of abuse.As part of the urgent response to this emergency, there was an growing in policing levels in prescribed communities, including requesting verbal agreements from other jurisdictions to enhance NT resources, funded by the Australian Government. This was accomplished by improving authority by appoint managers of all government business to agreed communities.8As it stands, there is a need for considerable change for the NT intervention measures to be considered steady with Australias international tender rights requirements. The Social Justice Report of 2007 outlined ten steps, to which I only mention a few, to modifying the intervention so that it is lucid with these obligations and ensures Indigenous individuals in Aboriginal communities in the NT equal treatment and sufficient human dignity.In the 1990s the Australian Government initiated Mandatory custody for Asylum seekers, under mandatory detention, any person who enters the Australian migration partition off without a visa is located in a holding forwardness opus health and security checks are carried out. At which time seemed fair. This in turn led to the Pacific Solution 20012007 the Australian government policy of conveying mental home seekers to detention centres on island nations in the Pacific Ocean, while their refugee status was verified. In 2007, the Labor Party under Prime Minister Kevin Rudd discarded the Pacific Solution, by installing a more(prenominal) liberal origination policy. Rudds government guaranteed to resolve all asylum claims in spite of appearance three months and closed the Nauru detention rapidity.In November 2012 Australia with the approval of Papua New guinea fowl opened an offshore processing facility on hired man Island, a remote location 800kms to t he north of Papua New Guinea. It then started sending asylum seekers from Christmas Island, an Australian territory south of Java, to the baseball mitt Island facility, over 4,800kms away. In July 2013 Australia then announced that all asylum seekers arriving in its territory by sauceboat would, if they ascertain that these asylum seekers are actual refugees, would be resettled in Papua New Guinea, and not in Australia.In 2013 Amnesty International Australia released a report entitled This Is recess People.9 This report looked into the glove Island detention facility to see if the Labor government was in violation of the asylum seekers human rights. Also in the same year Amnesty International Australia also released another report entitled The truth about Manus Island.10 They found that nearly five months into this new policy of sending the asylum seekers to Manus Island, it was clear that the regional Resettlement Arrangement has resulted in a soldiery of violations to their hum an rights.Some of the violations that they found wereAsylum seekers are detained in the absence seizure of any individualized assessment of the need for detention. Contrary to international law, the Regional Resettlement Arrangement with Papua New Guinea discriminates against asylum seekers on the terra firma of their means and date of arrival, treats as suspect all asylum seekers who nonplus by boat, and penalizes them for their manner of arrival.11One of the recommendations to fix these and other human rights violations was to at a time review the Regional Resettlement Arrangement with Papua New Guinea and end offshore processing and the offshore detention of asylum seekers. All asylum seekers held in the Manus Island detention centre must be transferred back to Australian territory and given full access to asylum procedures in Australia.12Today the Government is turning back the boats as promised with their policy feat Sovereign Borders.Operation Sovereign Borders is the Abbot t governments military-led plan to combat people smugglers and treat the arrival of asylum seeker boats to Australia as a national emergency and a border protection crisis.13In one cartoon from the White Australia policy era it depicts an Aboriginal looking menacing towards a set down party from England, the slogan reads Trying to STOP THE BOATS these types of images were common under the Immigration Restriction Act. In the lead up to the 2013 Federal election, one of the slogans the then opposition party used for their campaign was STOP THE BOATS in audience to asylum seekers arriving in Australia illegally by boat. At the very top of the Immigration Restriction Act of 1901, it statesTo place certain restrictions on Immigration and to provide for the removal from the Commonwealth of prohibited Immigrants. Assented to 23rd December 190114Are these policies influenced by the long dead Immigration Restriction Act, or is it just by coincidence that they appear similar.In conclusion i t seems that the Immigration Restriction Act or White Australia policy is creeping back into todays political and national environment, but I hope that it is just coincidence that it looks that way. We did help write the human rights charter, yet it seems that we have been in violation of this charter for some time. Also with NT intervention policy allows hope it does not lead to another stolen generation. As a nation we should have learnt from previous mistakes made, to strive toward a nation that can be a role model for the global community. Let us not regress to our colonial past where we were perceived as a country of racists, for we as a nation live in a post colonial world. Finally to answer the question, Are Colonialism and the Immigration Restriction Act of 1901 really dead in Australia? Yes I do bank these to be a thing of the past and are dead in Australia. But if the I and the people of Australia cannot be tolerant off other people and their cultures, surely we will reg ress back to the days of colonialism and the ship canal of the White Australia policy.BibliographyAmnesty International Australia, This Is Breaking People human rights violations at Australias asylum seeker processing centre on Manus Island, Papua New Guinea. accessed february 20, 2014. http//www.amnesty.org.au/images/uploads/about/Amnesty_International_Manus_Island_report.pdf..Amnesty International Australia, The truth about Manus Island 2013 report. Accessed February 10, 2014. http//www.amnesty.org.au/refugees/comments/33587/.(The truth about Manus Island 2013 report)Australian Human Rights Commission, The Northern Territory Emergency retort intervention A human rights analysis. Accessed February 22, 2014. http//www.humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/ cognitive content/social_justice/sj_report/sjreport07/pdf/chap3.pdf.Australian Human Rights Commission, Social Justice Report 2007 Chapter 3 The Northern Territory Emergency Response intervention. Accessed February 22, 2014. http//www.humanrights.gov.au/publications/social-justice-report-2007-chapter-3-northern-territory-emergency-response-interventionMuseum of Australian Democracy, Immigration Restriction Act 1901 (Cth). Accessed February 19, 2014. http//foundingdocs.gov.au/item-did-16.html.National Communications Branch, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Canberra, Fact woodworking plane 8 abolishment of the White Australia Policy. Accessed February 09, 2014. http//www.immi.gov.au/media/fact-sheets/08abolition.htm.SBS. Factbox Operation Sovereign Borders. News. http//www.sbs.com.au/news/ name/2013/09/19/factbox-operation-sovereign-borders (accessed February 10, 2014).Thompson, Stephen. Migration Heritage Centre, Objects Through Time. Last modified 2011. (Accessed February 12, 2014) http//www.migrationheritage.nsw.gov.au/exhibition/objectsthroughtime/immigration-restriction-act/.Transcript. No. 17 of 1901. No. 17 of 1901. Museum of Australian Democracy at oldish Parliament House, 1901 . http//foundingdocs.gov.au/resources/transcripts/cth4ii_doc_1901a.pdf. (accessed 10 Feb 2014).OtherSkwirk.com. History of racist attitudes and fear, White Australia Immigration Restriction Act 1901, Australia to 1914, SOSE History Year 9, NSW Online Education Home shoal Skwirk Australia. 2014. http//www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-56_u-127_t-350_c-1213/history-of-racist-attitudes-and-fear/nsw/history-of-racist-attitudes-and-fear/australia-to-1914/white-australia-immigration-restriction-act-1901 (accessed 11 Feb)1 An Act to place certain restrictions on Immigration and to provide for the removal from the Commonwealth of prohibited Immigrants (No.17 of 1901)2 Term the Government uses instead of relegate the Boats3 Immigration Restriction Act 1901 (Cth)4 Fact Sheet 8 Abolition of the White Australia Policy5 Fact Sheet 8 Abolition of the White Australia Policy6 Social Justice Report 2007 Chapter 3 The Northern Territory Emergency Response intervention7 Northern Territory Emergency Response intervention A human rights analysis8 Brough, M., (Minister for Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs), National emergency response to protect children in the NT, Media Release, 21 June 2007.9 This Is Breaking People 2013, 3 1210 The truth about Manus Island 2013 report11 This Is Breaking People 2013, 312 This Is Breaking People 2013, 413 Factbox Operation Sovereign Borders. September 19, 201314 Transcript 1901, 1